John Willard Marriott's Ancestors
By Richard L. Jensen

With the Mormon enthusiasm for genealogy, J. Willard Marriott and his family have conscientiously carried on research which gives them the satisfaction of knowing the vital statistics of literally hundreds of ancestors. Behind their research is not only a desire to know the roots from which they sprang, but also the Mormon faith that in the afterlife family ties will continue and more intimate acquaintance with ancestors will be possible.

Most of Marriott's English and Scottish ancestors were of. the laboring class. Predominant among them were landless yeoman farmers, coal miners, and unskilled laborers, with an occasional miller and freehold farmer. All Marriott's grandparents and four of his great-grandparents immigrated to the United States in the period between 1840 and 1870. These immigrants had at least two things in common: conversion to the Latter-day Saint faith in Great Britain and the pioneering experience on the American frontier.

John Marriott, founder of the Marriott family in America, was eminently suited for the task of pioneering a new and undeveloped land. He was an enterprising man of little education but of superior strength and determination. On his massive six foot-two inch frame he carried at least two hundred pounds. He had light brown hair, large hands, feet, and ears; a bulbous nose; and was not the sort of man to sidestep any physical challenge. As a young son of a laborer, he worked the soils of Bedfordshire in England and learned the trade of black smithing as well. Marriott was a sober man who excelled in determining what task most urgently needed to be done and in performing that task in the most direct way possible.

Marriott was born at the town of Roade, six miles south of Northampton,6 March 1817, to John and Frances Marriott. Not long after his birth the family moved about twenty-five miles east to the hamlet of Honeydon, his mother's birthplace. Here, in a predominantly rural district noted for the production of wheat and barley, the family raised two sons and four daughters. ¹

Latter-day Saint missionaries from America began preaching in England in July 1837; and some of their first efforts were at Bedford, about eight miles southwest of the Marriott home. The Marriott's undoubtedly went to market at Bedford, where farmers sold pigs on Mondays and grain and provisions on Saturdays. Yet neither they nor many of their fellow inhabitants were attracted to Mormonism at first, even though such notable missionaries as Willard Richards, Brigham Young, and Heber C. Kimball sought converts in the vicinity of Bedford. ²

Joseph Fielding, who played a prominent role in the first Mormon proselytizing in England, had grown up at Honeydon. He returned to his old haunts in the fall of 1840, preaching to former friends and neighbors at Honeydon and nearby Colmworth and gaining a few converts. ³ In the Spring and summer of 1841, pugnacious Mormon preacher George J. Adams followed Fielding's lead. He traveled widely in the area, challenging local ministers to debates and attracting throngs of listeners. Mormon congregations in and around Bedford grew nearly four-fold in the next few months through the efforts of Adams and of local missionaries like John Warden of Bedford, who played a supporting role. It was Warden who baptized twenty-four-year-old John Marriott into the Mormon Church at Honeydon, 7 May 1841. ⁴ Several of Marriott's family also joined the Mormons at about the same time.

A small Mormon congregation was established at Honeydon, and the Marriott's and other members frequently associated with the larger congregation at nearby Bedford. There was considerable opposition to the Mormons' activities in that vicinity. One of Marriott's fellow converts, William Stewart of Colmworth, indicated that on the day of Stewart's baptism, two days after Marriott was baptized, a crowd gathered and threatened to stone the Mormons. The ordinance was postponed until late at night so that the threatening crowd would disperse. ⁵ Faced with such antagonism, the Mormons found comfort in the company of like--minded individuals and formed strong bonds of friendship among themselves. They also intermarried. William Stewart married John Marriott's sister Mary Ann; and many years later, in Utah, William's sister Elizabeth became John Marriott's second wife. John's first wife was Susan Fox (or Folks), apparently a fellow convert to Mormonism. They were married in March of 1842. ⁶

The Latter-day Saint religion has consistently attempted to improve the temporal as well as the spiritual status of its adherents. In the England of the 1840s not only did Mormon preachers admonish people to repent of their sins and be baptized by immersion, but they called upon them to leave the Babylon of disbelief and gather to America, where they could worship together in greater numbers and, ostensibly, with less fear of persecution from neighbors. There was a very practical side to this message, too. For the landless, voteless English convert, chafing under the necessity of paying numerous taxes, America offered the possibility of greater material well-being than one could reasonably expect in England. A typical editorial in the British Mormon publication, The Millennial Star, published a month before Marriott's marriage, claimed that British Mormon emigrants to Illinois and Iowa found themselves

comfortably situated, and in the enjoyment of the comforts of life, and in the midst of society where God is worshiped in the spirit of truth and union, and where nearly all are agreed in religious principles. They all find plenty of employment and good wages, while the expense of living is about one-eighth of what it costs in this country ... Millions on millions of acres of land lie before them unoccupied, with a soil as rich as Eden, and a surface as smooth, clear, and ready for the plough as the park scenery of England. ⁷

John Marriott joined the Mormon exodus to America early the next year, and was not even deterred by the fact that his wife was expecting their first child to arrive at any time. With his wife and his sister Elizabeth he boarded the ship Swanton at Liverpool in late January 1843. Although the ship was undergoing repairs, the Mormon emigrants slept and cooked on board for two weeks until departure time. Soon after the ship sailed from Liverpool, tragedy struck the Marriott's. A daughter was born to them, but she died within hours and had to be buried at sea. This was the only casualty of the passage among the 225 Mormon emigrants. ⁸

The Mormons aboard ship made the best of their circumstances. Their leader during the voyage was a twenty-nine-year-old missionary named Lorenzo Snow, who had performed John and Susan Marriott's marriage the previous year, and who became president of the Latter-day Saint Church fifty-five years later. Snow, a talented organizer, chose twelve officers who were to be responsible for the comfort and cleanliness of the passengers. He had a bell rung each morning at six, when the passengers were expected to arise, and he held prayer meetings nightly at seven, as well as preaching on Tuesday and Thursday nights and two preaching meetings each Sunday. The Mormons' relations with captain and crew were cordial. As the ship neared New Orleans the captain allowed Snow to bless the ship's steward, who was so ill that many expected him to die shortly. The steward's health improved so dramatically that several of the ship's crew were convinced a miracle had taken place and were baptized Mormons after arrival at New Orleans. ⁹

The British Mormon immigrants transferred at New Orleans to the steamer Amaranth, which took them up the Mississippi River to St. Louis. They waited two weeks for the ice in the Mississippi to break up, then steamed up the river to Nauvoo, the bustling new Mormon city. Joseph Smith himself, the Mormon prophet, greeted them at the riverbank as they landed and Nauvoo residents
opened their homes to the immigrants until they could begin to make homes for themselves. John Marriott and his friend from Bedfordshire, Christopher Layton, had little money and were not satisfied with the arrangements which were being made by their fellow immigrants to obtain land. In their forthright way, they went directly before the Prophet with their complaint, with the result that he gave each of them 2-1/2 acres of land in the area which became known as the Big Mound settlement, about seven miles east of Nauvoo itself. ¹⁰

Now Marriott and Layton together began the work of pulling themselves up from poverty by their bootstraps. They dug wells and ditches, fenced a farm, and cut hay; they traded some of their English clothing for a horse; and they built a one-room sod house for themselves and their wives. ¹¹ Layton later recalled of the house: "When it was pared down it looked pretty well. The first winter we had quilts for doors; we had a dirt floor, and when the beds were made down they just about filled the room." ¹² The Marriott's and the Layton's shared those modest quarters until the next spring. Thus they began life in the land of opportunity and praised God for his blessings.

The Mormons had been driven from Missouri to Nauvoo, but their troubles did not end there. Not only were some of their neighbors resentful of the Mormon influence in western Illinois, but former Latter-day Saints, some of whom had been close associates of Joseph Smith, turned against him as Latter-day Saint doctrine took new directions they had not anticipated, or as they opposed the growth of Smith's power. Smith and others were arrested for their part in the destruction of the press of a virulently anti-Smith newspaper in Nauvoo, and in late June 1844 he and his brother Hyrum were shot and killed by a mob which stormed the small jail at Carthage where they were detained.

For John Marriott and his fellow Mormons, the next year was one of hope and some prosperity, despite the predictions some observers had made that Mormonism would collapse with the death of Joseph Smith. Brigham Young and his fellow apostles directed the affairs of Nauvoo, including the construction of an imposing temple there. The Marriott's first son was born 26 October 1844, and they named him Lorenzo after Lorenzo Snow. Marriott and Layton rented a farm at nearby LaHarpe in 1845, had a good harvest, and with the proceeds obtained more land in the vicinity of Big Mound. Brick homes were being built at Big Mound, giving it an air of permanency. Yet the Mormons' continued growth brought down upon them the wrath of an anti-mormon faction in the surrounding country who began to resort to violence in order to stop the Mormons' development. There were raids on Mormon settlements outside Nauvoo. From the elevated area of Big Mound itself, with a good view of the surrounding country, the men of the settlement took turns keeping watch at night. They saw houses and barns burned. ¹³

Under the continued and determined harassment, Brigham Young and his associates determined that Nauvoo could not continue to serve as headquarters for the Church, and they made plans for a mass exodus to the vicinity of the Great Salt Lake far to the west, which was to take place beginning in the spring of 1846. The Nauvoo Temple, once intended to become a focal point of Mormondom, was hurriedly completed. Shortly before the exodus, 2 February 1846, John and Susan Marriott received the sacred endowment rites of the Latter-day Saints in the temple. ¹⁴

Moving fifteen thousand persons or more through hundreds of miles of mostly uninhabited country posed numerous difficulties. One was the necessity of providing food for these people. The Mormons established several temporary settlements along the way where those unable to continue could stay and where crops could be grown for the benefit of those who would pass through. John Marriott helped cultivate the farms at Garden Grove, a small stopping-off place in Iowa, in the fall of 1846, and there his second son, John, was born. Soon they moved westward to what became the Mormon settlement of Kanesville, later Council Bluffs, Iowa. According to family tradition, John now began to equip himself for the journey from Iowa to the Great Salt Lake, but at the request of Orson Hyde, the Mormon leader in Iowa, he gave his team of oxen and his wagon to others and lived for an additional three years at Ferryville, another temporary Mormon farming community in Iowa. At Ferryville he raised corn, wheat, and potatoes and assisted those who passed through. Marriott and his small son Lorenzo returned briefly to Nauvoo to salvage grain and other supplies they had left there. ¹⁵

In 1849 Marriott's father and sister Caroline, immigrants from England, sailed up the Mississippi with the intention of reuniting with the rest of their family in western Iowa. They reached St. Louis, where they were to commence the voyage up the Missouri River to Kanesville, but they apparently reached no further than that. Cholera ran rampant in St. Louis and spread to the immigrants, and the two Marriott's died there. Sixty of their fellow immigrants died aboard the steamer Mary between St. Louis and Kanesville. ¹⁶

Those of the Marriott family who had immigrated gathered in western Iowa in 1851 to make the trek west together. Elizabeth had married Robert Burton, and they were neighbors of John and Susan in Nauvoo. Mary Ann and her husband William immigrated to St. Louis in 1850 and now joined the others with their families. According to family tradition, John Marriott hired out to a company of merchants, the Livingston-Kinkead Company, as driver of a team, and this helped provide transportation while at the same time reducing other expenses for provisions. Because of flooding conditions on the North Platte River, the company was forced to take a new route for part of the way. The family tells that they ran low on provisions, although they supplemented their diet with buffalo Treat. They also made buffalo jerky, which they hung from the tops of their wagon bows. By the end of the journey the company limped along at an unusually slow pace. Hearing of their plight, residents of the Salt Lake area met them in the mountains a day's travel from the city with sorely needed food. William B. Smith, British immigrant and former neighbor of the Marriott's in Nauvoo, brought them a huge round loaf of home-baked bread. He then escorted the three families to the village of Kaysville, about twenty-five miles north of Salt Lake City, near the shores of the Great Salt Lake, where he had settled the year before. They lived that winter in Kaysville in their wagon boxes, which they placed on the ground after removing the wheels. Meanwhile, they combined their efforts to build themselves three cabins from sawed cottonwood and box elder logs and other materials readily available nearby. They moved into these in the spring of 1852. ¹⁷ John Marriott's niece, daughter of William and Mary Ann Stewart, described the condition of one of these homes at the time they moved in:

Our house was built with big logs, with a place for the door and a hole left for the window. There was no door or window to put in, so they hung rags as best they could. It had no floor and there were open cracks between the logs along the walls. The chimney was made of big squares of sod put up like bricks. For the roof they put some large logs across the top and then some rushes they gathered by the creek, then a big pile of dirt so that it would keep most of the rain out. That was some time in March 1852 when we moved in our new home. How sister and I did jump around, we were so happy! Uncle [probably John Marriott] put a large log across the room for us to sit down on. ¹⁸

John Marriott was the first man in the settlement to saw lumber, and he thus provided materials for the doors which were later added to the three houses. The families chinked the spaces between the logs when it became warm enough to obtain mud. After this their homes were warm enough, although the roofs provided little protection from rain. ¹⁹

Such were the bare beginning in a land where, at first, survival itself was an achievement. In the early days in Kaysville one of John Marriott's brothers-in-law was a shoemaker and the other a blacksmith, while Marriott became known as a jack-of-all-trades. It is not clear whether Marriott did much farming; his soil was a somewhat alkaline clay with little potential for good crop production. ²⁰ Yet he managed to support his growing family and was even ambitious enough to marry a second wife.

Although Elizabeth Stewart's elder brother, William, had married John Marriott's sister, and although many of the Marriott and Stewart families had known each other well as Latter-day Saints near Bedford, England, John was a stranger to Elizabeth when they first met at Kaysville in the fall of 1853, shortly after she completed the last leg of her immigration from England.

Elizabeth was a cheerful, outgoing woman whose strong will and independence of spirit had become evident early in life in the face of nearly overwhelming adversity. Five years after her birth at Colmworth, Bedfordshire, her mother died. Her father, Charles, a miller by trade, concentrated on his work and had little contact with the girl, and her elder sister soon married and moved a full day's travel from home. Although her brother William, five years older than she, cared for her, she often found herself alone and comfortless as a child. By the time she was eighteen years old she had experienced several serious illnesses lasting as long as a full year, had been given up for dead by doctors, and had nearly drowned. She credited a kindly Gypsy lady with her recovery from two of the serious illnesses. ²¹ With no formal education, Elizabeth taught herself to read.

After her father remarried, young Elizabeth, feeling that her stepmother mistreated her, left home and hired out to work in other people's homes. Her treatment there was hardly better. She lived with relatives for a time but left her uncle, charging that he abused her, and left two wealthy aunts after what she considered dishonest and inconsiderate treatment of their hired girl. ²²

Her brother William's conversion to Mormonism in 1841 had brought the family into close contact with the Latter-day Saints. Father Charles Stewart died in 1846, when Elizabeth was seventeen years old, without having become a Mormon himself. Family tradition indicates that just prior to his death he was unable to speak, possibly because of a stroke he had suffered, but that Caroline Marriott, a devout Latter-day Saint and sister of William Stewart's wife, Mary Ann, was inspired to utter in a strange tongue the words that Charles Stewart could not say, telling his family that The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was "the only true Church of Christ." Elizabeth felt that the message was true, but as she measured the requirements of the Mormon religion she felt incapable of adequately fulfilling them. Finally, in 1848, two years, after her father's death, she overcame her hesitation and was baptized at Bedford. During the next two years she worked at the house of a gentleman. It was only infrequently that she saw her brother or attended Latter-day Saint services, since she had only four hours free on Sundays and had to walk five miles each way to meeting. ²³

As William and his family prepared to emigrate to America in the fall of 1850 Elizabeth wished to go with them. By working until the latest possible day before departure and by selling a fine silk dress and a shawl she was barely able to pay for her own passage. The Stewart's sailed from Liverpool 2 October 1850 on the James Pennell, with 254 emigrants aboard. ²⁴Despite her humble background Elizabeth commented:

It was a great change to leave a rich man's table, and remain on a ship and eat the fare, mixed with mice tracks and other animal remains. ²⁵

Her brother, William, said the ship's crackers were "so hard we could not bite them without dipping them in water from a big barrel." ²⁶

But those were minor difficulties which might normally be expected of ship's fare. The voyage itself proceeded uneventfully until the ship neared the mouth of the Mississippi River. Suddenly a terrific storm arose, driving the Pennell back into the Gulf of Mexico and breaking both her mainmast and her mizzenmast. Part of the rigging was washed overboard. ²⁷ To add to the difficulty, there was a problem on deck which under other circumstances would have been humorous. As one passenger told it:

Because the heavy molasses barrels rolled about during the storm and would have broken all the berths, we had to knock the heads in to let the molasses out. It spread all over the deck. No one could stand up. We then were forced to remove the tops of the oatmeal barrels and sprinkle their contents over the molasses. I tell you it was a mess. ²⁸

Now the ship was adrift in the open seas with dwindling supplies of food and water, without any visible means of reaching shore. Fortunately, a pilot boat eventually located the ship and brought it to the mouth of the river, where they met another ship of Mormon immigrants which had sailed from Liverpool more than two weeks later than the Pennell. The Stewart's and their fellow Saints took a steamer up the Mississippi to St. Louis, where they landed 3 December 1850, and found employment in order to equip themselves for the trip to Salt Lake City. ²⁹

William Stewart, with his wife and two children, was able to make his way to western Iowa the next spring, where he met the Marriott's and Burtons. They equipped him with "an old wagon with one ox and one cow," and his family accompanied them across the plains and mountains to Kaysville. ³⁰ Elizabeth Stewart was not one of the group. Perhaps her remaining in St. Louis was due less to economic necessity than to the fact that she was in love with a young man there. But whatever plans they might have had failed to materialize. One April day Elizabeth was carrying a kerosene lamp and two gallons of oil when the lamp exploded. She recorded:

My sweetheart ran in and carried me out of the fire. He saved my life, but he died in ten days from inhaling the flames. I was burned very badly. My suffering was such that only God and I knew. I learned to know that God was a friend to the poor and orphans. He helped me to partially bear my great sufferings, and has helped me all through life. ³¹

Another young English Mormon immigrant woman nursed Elizabeth back to help and supported her during her recovery. Her burns took three years to heal completely.

In the spring of 1853 Elizabeth was well enough to make her way to Kanesville, Iowa, with other Latter-day Saints from St. Louis. At Kanesville they joined the company of Moses Clawson, bound for Utah. Elizabeth walked the entire distance from Keokuk to Salt Lake City. Those who rode in the wagons had a harrowing experience on at least two occasions when the oxen, many with inexperienced teamsters, broke into a dead run. Clawson called it a miracle that neither oxen nor passengers were seriously injured, even though some of the oxen were run over. The wagons which sustained damage were repaired, and the company proceeded. ³²

Uncertain of her future and unable to obtain employment for money, Elizabeth arrived in Kaysville in the fall of 1853 and worked for her board there. One day that fall, she recorded,

While looking out of the window, I saw a man who had just climbed down from the thrashing machine coming toward the house, and the spirit said to me, "This man is to be your husband." A few days later, he came again to the house and asked me to become his wife. ³³

The man was John Marriott, her brother-in-law. Elizabeth had been fourteen years old when John Marriott left England in 1843, and although their families had become close friends and intermarried, Elizabeth had not met John until this occasion.

Elizabeth followed her spiritual intuition and accepted Marriott's proposal. The fact that he was a married man was no deterrent. In fact, plural marriage was then taught as a principle of the Latter-day Saint religion. The doctrine was first publicly announced by Orson Pratt in Salt Lake City in 1852, and later that year Elizabeth heard Pratt preach on the subject in St. Louis.

She came to grips with the difficult concept and accepted it, as did Marriott in Utah. They were married 26 February 1854. ³⁴ Many years later, in summing up her experience with polygamy, Elizabeth indicated that she had been apprehensive about the polygamous marriage, although she believed it to be "the Lord's will." Polygamy brought her difficulties, but her faith that she was indeed complying with a divine principle sustained her. ³⁵

John and Elizabeth's first child, Elizabeth, was born at Kaysville in late April 1855. Whether John sought better farming land for the support of his two families or whether, as family tradition indicates Church leaders called him to give up his land to others and pioneer new territory, John Marriott now moved about eighteen miles to the northwest, to a sparsely settled area near the Ogden River. Elizabeth was left at Kaysville until she and the baby were capable of traveling; then they lived in a wagon box for six months until John could build them a home. ³⁶

This land had until recently been the domain of the Ute Indians. Resentful of the intrusion of Mormon settlers, the Indians mounted an aggressive campaign in 1853 which forced settlers of the vicinity to move their families to nearby Bingham's Fort. These early settlers maintained their farms; but not until 1856, the year after Marriott settled his new homestead, did his distant neighbors return from the fort to live. ^36a

The year 1855 was a grasshopper year, and the insects ravaged crops in Utah. Supplies were short, and at times the family sustained themselves on sego roots and bran bread. Marriott recognized the need to irrigate his land. With his new neighbor William Gill he dug a canal from the Ogden River to his property--a distance of about two miles. John reputedly built the first permanent house in the neighborhood. Meanwhile, his family moved from their wagon box into a windowless dugout. It was so cold in the winter that the family had to thaw out their bread before they could eat it. In warmer times, snakes and mice frequented the dugout, and the family tells that once a snake fell from the roof onto Elizabeth's baby. ³⁷

After the herculean efforts of establishing a farm that season were over, and apparently before he completed Elizabeth's home, John Marriott married a third wife, Trezer Southwick, in November 1855. She was a fifteen-year-old English immigrant who had arrived in Utah that year. ³⁸

Other settlers came to the area, and Marriott was willing to divide up with them free of charge much land which he might otherwise have held for his own use. They combined their efforts in 1856 to build a new canal from the Ogden River, larger and longer than the canal Marriott and Gill had dug the year before. With the influx of settlers, local Church authorities encouraged a rudimentary ecclesiastical organization in Marriott's neighborhood and appointed him presiding teacher over the district. ³⁹

Word reached Utah in late July of 1857 that a detachment of the United States Army was en route to Utah to put down what President James Buchanan had been led to believe was a rebellion by the Mormons. Marriott reaped a good harvest, married a fourth wife, Margaret Burton, and prepared to defend the Saints of Utah from the approaching force. ⁴⁰ Marriott was among the local men called up to protect the approach to Salt Lake Valley in Echo Canyon. In April of 1858 Brigham Young met with Alfred Cumming, the newly appointed governor of Utah Territory, who negotiated for the peaceful entry of the Army into the valley. Still, the Latter-day Saints were apprehensive that the army might yet be unleashed on them and Young ordered all settlers in northern Utah to abandon their homes and move south, at least temporarily. Leaving a few men behind to burn their towns if the army should begin to move against them, the rest of the Latter-day Saints packed families and provisions and began another mass exodus. John Marriott cached a supply of grain in a dry place and moved his families to Spanish Fork, about ninety miles from their home. The Marriott's returned two months later, after it was evident that the army's semi-permanent camp could be established at a point somewhat remote from the Mormon settlements and that there would be no general harassment of the Mormons. The family found that in their absence a volunteer crop of barley had grown, and this helped them survive until other crops could be grown. ⁴¹

The move south had a disruptive effect throughout the territory, but John Marriott helped revivify the local church, holding services in the homes of settlers, and served as the presiding elder until 1863. The farming community eventually took the name of Marriott, reflecting John's leading role. ⁴²

Susan, John's first wife, died the day her eighth child, Benjamin, was born, 15 December 1858. Elizabeth, who by now had three children of her own, agreed to raise Susan's six living children. The family still lived together in one house at Marriott. But when Trezer and Margaret, the third and fourth wives, began having babies in 1860 and 1861 the arrangement of keeping the entire family under the same roof was unsatisfactory. Not only was there a need for more living space, but tensions developed among the wives. John found at least a partial solution by obtaining land in other nearby locations and building a separate home for each wife on each property. Trezer and her children moved to the farm at Warren, a few miles northwest of Marriott. Margaret and her children lived in the city of Ogden, of which Marriott eventually became a suburb. John made it a habit to stay with each family for a week at a time. In the spring, when the Weber and Ogden rivers flooded his fields at Warren, some of Trezer's children took sheep and livestock to higher ground at Salt Creek, and Marriott traveled from Marriott to Warren to Salt Creek in a canoe. Occasionally the families met at Salt Creek, where the wives made cheese together. ⁴³

Providing for his numerous progeny and farming extensively required a vast amount of labor from John Marriott and his families. He expected a great deal of his children and was sternly insistent that they fill the assignments he gave them. His children knew him to be a stern taskmaster. He frequently administered the stick to his sons' bottoms when they failed to measure up to his expectations. When he took a subcontract to grade a mile of the transcontinental railroad, which was soon to be completed at nearby Promontory Summit in May, 1869, John insisted that his thirteen-year-Old daughter Elizabeth serve as cook for the construction crew. Despite her strenuous protests that she had never cooked before, she was required to perform that duty. Twelve-year-old Hyrum Willard Marriott rebelled at the harshness of his father's regime, which included obligatory rising at four in the morning to do the farm chores, and was advised by his mother to live with her relatives in Kaysville for a time. Yet Marriott was surprisingly effective in inculcating into his children the strenuous work ethic which governed his own life, despite the conflicts which arose between them. ⁴⁴

With his ingrained fixation for cleanliness and order Marriott always wore a white shirt, chided his children for tousled hair, and insisted that all family members be seated in proper order at the table before meals began.

Marriott's mechanical aptitude, inventive mind, and physical strength served him and his small community well. He helped build churches, roads and railroads, and canals; he took the lead in establishing a functioning Mormon congregation in his neighborhood. Simple in speech and largely uneducated, he showed his discomfort in addressing the congregation through a nervous fidgeting of his fingers. In later years, others were the leaders while he contributed liberally in voluntary work and Church donations. He was a loyal follower, even though he did not always agree with the actions of local Mormon leaders. While he sternly disciplined his own children, he kept the peace with neighbors. When, for example, his pig escaped the pen and rooted up part of a neighbor's garden, Marriott gave the pig to the neighbor. ⁴⁵

Marriott's physical strength became a legend among his family, who insisted that he often carried as many as five hundred-pound sacks of wheat and that he constantly broke shovels by lifting too much in them. A descendant claims that Marriott settled a neighborhood quarrel when he "took hold of the two disputants, lifted them up, one in each hand and bumped their heads together and dunked them under some water. Then he released them and told them to cool off and act like men." ⁴⁶ Relatives claim he was still able to outwork his sons when he was past the age of seventy.

In the 1880s many Utah polygamists were prosecuted under the Edmunds law and given fines and imprisonment for cohabiting with more than one wife. Sixty-year-old John Marriott served the customary six months in the-Utah Penitentiary in 1887 and paid his fine, and he was subsequently required to make the agonizing choice of one wife with whom he would live exclusively. Family tradition indicates that Elizabeth and Trezer each refused to become the legal wife, after which John spent most of his remaining years in Ogden with Margaret. ⁴⁷ While there may have been some bitterness behind the two other wives' refusals, the solution was a practical one which many men in similar circumstances made: Margaret had the youngest children, who perhaps would be hurt most by the absence of a father. A year before his conviction for cohabitation he deeded his property to his three wives in order to provide for their needs regardless of whatever legal action might be taken against him. By the deeds he conveyed to his wives five horses, 900 bushel of wheat, 382 sheep, five cows, three yearling heifers, one wagon, two pieces of farm machinery, 61 acres of farmland, two city lots and $4,400 in cash. Without counting the real estate involved, this totaled $6,384 in estimated value. Thus was his modest fortune distributed for the benefit of his families. ⁴⁸

Marriott lived long enough to see the day when, in the late 1890s, he could again acknowledge all his wives and children and visit them. They remembered him coming to visit in a surrey pulled by fine horses. It was during a stay at Elizabeth's home in Marriott that he died, 10 June 1899, of dropsy, after several months of illness. ⁴⁹

Both John and Elizabeth Marriott were exceptionally strong-willed individuals. In the polygamous arrangement, with her husband absent much of the time, Elizabeth put to good use the independence and self-sufficiency she had developed in her youth in England. Raising Susan's six in addition to her own nine (another child died as an infant) was a major effort which consumed the bulk of her efforts for twenty years. She emerged from this experience with a very useful store of wisdom and an amazing energy and willingness to help other people. In a community where much of life revolved around the church, she was a leader for two generations of women and two of children as a counselor in the Relief Society and president of the Primary organization of Marriott, positions she held for twenty-nine and twenty-three years respectively. More outgoing than her husband, she was the center of much of the neighborhood s social activity, inviting grownups and youth alike to parties and other gatherings. ⁵⁰

Having lived through adversity herself, Elizabeth Marriott became a source of comfort and strength to friends in their darkest hours. Not only did she visit the sick in order to provide for their physical needs, but she frequently gave them blessings as well. In the tradition of the beloved leader of Mormon women, Eliza R. Snow, Sister Marriott frequently arose during the women's local Relief Society meetings to "speak in tongues," at which time, in a reverential state of spiritual ecstasy she broke forth in poetic utterances in a strange-sounding language. She then interpreted what she had said; occasionally someone else would interpret. Most often these speeches involved praising God and comforting the friends and neighbors gathered around her.

This was viewed among the Mormons as a spiritual gift, and undoubtedly some of her words had a profound effect on listeners for that reason. ⁵¹

In the women's meetings she frequently gave practical advice for parents. One such bit of counsel gives an indication how she may have tempered her husband's strictness and her own concern for orderliness. The women were being taught in 1909 "How to Shield Children from Evil Companions." Elizabeth advised that mothers should, first of all, be companions to their children.

Don't turn a person down because they are a little wild.
We should teach a child to search for good.
If they need correcting don't call them down in company, wait
till they get home . . . .
Kind words will do more than anything else. ⁵²

Retaining a refreshing vitality at seventy-seven, an age when she might have been expected to have one foot in the grave, Elizabeth encouraged other Women Of the Relief Society to attend the "Young Ladies' Meetings." She attended herself and thoroughly enjoyed them. ⁵³ Having had little or no formal education, she said at the age of seventy-nine that "if she was young again she would study all the time she had." ⁵⁴ She served as president of the children's Primary organization at Marriott until she was seventy-four, then suggested that someone younger might better fill the position. She was counselor in the women's Relief Society until the age of eighty. In later years she lived at the home of a daughter, Caroline Marriott Hewitt, and encouraged Caroline to perform the numerous acts of neighborly kindness which Elizabeth would have continued to do herself if she were able. She died 10 February 1914 at the age of eighty-four. ⁵⁵

Hyrum Willard Marriott was born 6 December 1863 at Marriott. He had a twin sister, Esther Amelia, and they were the sixth and seventh of their mother's ten children. Growing up on the farm at Marriott meant that Hyrum worked long hours and obtained an elementary education when the crops did not require his help. He apprenticed himself at the age of twelve to his uncle William Stewart, a shoemaker, in Kaysville. After a few years he returned home and attended Weber Stake Academy (later Weber State College) for a time but never actually completed the equivalent of a high school education. ⁵⁶

Marriott tried his hand at harness making, butchering, and railroad work, without seeming to find his niche in life. He was living at home with his mother at Marriott and nearing the age of thirty-four when he asked Ellen Morris, whom he had known for many years, to marry him.

Ellen was the daughter of Scottish and English Latter-day Saint immigrants. Her maternal grandfather, John Russell, was born at Kincardine, Tulliallan Parish, on the Firth of Forth, in Perth County, Scotland, 23 August 1809. ⁵⁷ By the age of four he had moved with his family about five miles northwest to the village of Westfield, in Clackmannan Parish. Here he met and married Helen Blackwood, daughter of a collier (coal miner), who was born at the town of Clackmannan in July 1814. ⁵⁸ Centuries earlier, Clackmannan was the home of several generations of the Bruce family, including the Scottish hero Robert Bruce who became King Robert I of Scotland, and who led the Scots in their successful war for independence from England in the early fourteenth century. Clackmannanshire had been a coal mining area since the 1600s. There were also iron mines, and both the coal and the iron were utilized at the nearby Devon Ironworks. With a climate which was relatively warm and dry for Scotland, the county also had rich agricultural land. ⁵⁹ John Russell was a collier. The family's first child was a daughter, Elizabeth, born at Clackmannan 2 July 1834. ⁶⁰

Both sides of the family had lived in this vicinity for centuries. However, John and Helen's conversion to Mormonism drastically altered the course of their lives. Latter-day Saint missionaries began serious proselyting work at Clackmannan in the spring of 1847. Probably the most effective of these was the Scot William Gibson, himself a convert of 1840. At Clackmannan Gibson met twenty-six-year-old John Sharp, a shrewd, resourceful miner who was converted to Mormonism within a few days. Sharp was already an influential man among the miners of Clackmannan. Many of them, and several of his relatives, now, became interested in the doctrines of the strange new American religion. His cousin John Russell was baptized two weeks after Sharp. Russell's wife Helen became a Mormon six weeks later and three of their children were baptized in September. ⁶¹ With the Mormons making inroads into their congregations, Gibson reported that "the Parsons got very angry and made all the opposition they durst do by circulating all manner of lies and slander." ⁶² Public debates featuring Gibson and Sharp in opposition to Baptist and Presbyterian clergymen attracted large audiences, and many were surprised that the upstart Mormons, and particularly their own local coal miner, did so well.

Meanwhile, the Latter-day Saints had begun to settle the valley of the Great Salt Lake in the United States in the summer of 1847. John Sharp, who had been appointed head of the local Mormon congregation at Clackmannan, emigrated in 1848 and soon found himself playing a major role in the building of the Mountain West, first as superintendent of the Mormon Church's stone quarry, then as a Mormon bishop and a builder and president of the Utah Central Railroad. He became a director of the Union Pacific Railroad, a rare distinction for a Mormon at that time. ⁶³

John Russell succeeded Sharp as presiding elder over the congregation at Clackmannan, which continued to grow. Now he found himself at the center of a controversy which raged in the neighborhood for months. On one occasion a mob broke into a meeting held in Russell's home, disrupted the meeting, and then stalked off to the town cross, where they burned missionary Gibson in effigy, just as they had burned an effigy of the Mormon prophet Joseph Smith the previous week. The town crier of Clackmannan found himself doing publicity work for both sides. On the one hand he announced Mormon discourses. On the other be read proclamations telling the people to burn Mormon tracts and even, according to Gibson, "a Proclamation for the People to turn out and prevent me from polluting the Town and with an intimation to me that if I attempted to preach at the Cross I would be stoned." ⁶⁴ Individual Mormons experienced the bitter reaction of their neighbors and families. Gibson Condie of Clackmannan, whose first cousin once-removed, Richard P. Condie, directed the Mormon Tabernacle choir f rom 1957 to 1974, wrote that his mother "was persecuted by her friends and relatives; they had no good word for her. She had been deceived by false prophets." Her husband. "was very bitter against mother joining that wicked sect." ⁶⁵ Yet Condie's father and the remainder of the family joined the Latter-day Saints within months. Young Condie remembered fondly the time John Russell led the Clackmannan Saints: "In their Testimony meetings the Spirit of the Lord was poured out among the Saints, the gift of Healing and of Prophecy, the gifts of tongues and interpretation and other Blessings." ⁶⁶

According to family tradition, John Russell was stoned and derided by his neighbors, and he lost his employment. Possibly, because of the persecution they experienced, possibly because of a temporary decline in the coal mining of the area, he moved his family across the Firth of Forth in 1849 to Boness, where he served as president of the branch of the Mormon Church there until about 1855. During this period Mormonism's proselytizing success in the area tapered off. In September 1853, for example, Russell reported that although most of the local Mormons "were in good standing, and willing to do their best in all things ... The brethren had preached much to the world, but people did not show desires to obey." ⁶⁷ In 1854 he reported that locally there was " a great desire to get off to the Land of America, only one stranger attended the meetings and he had got baptized." ⁶⁸

With a minimal number of proselytes and a vigorous Church emigration policy, the number of Mormons dwindled in Scotland. 'The Russell family was now a large one, with nine children. Typically, their desire to emigrate to Utah would have been as great as that of those who emigrated in those years, but they remained in Scotland. Probably they were unable to afford emigration. They moved in about 1856 to Kennet, a village just outside their former hometown of Clackmannan, where their tenth and eleventh children were born. By now they were one of only two families constituting the active nucleus of the Mormon branch at Clackmannan. Finally, in January 1862, Brigham Young sent the Liverpool Office of the British Mission a list of few persons who were to be, helped to emigrate, with drafts to be applied toward their emigration. John Russell's name was included. It is not clear who had supplied the means to aid him, for according to Young the Church at that time was financially unable to help any substantial number of immigrants. ⁶⁹

The Russell family sailed from Liverpool on a ship Manchester 6 May 1862 with 376 Mormon emigrants aboard. Prior to debarkation the three Mormon apostles who presided in the British Mission, Amasa Lyman, Charles C. Rich, and George Q. Cannon, came aboard to organize the group and give speeches and a blessing. A Mormon observer reported that "a neater and more respectable-looking company of emigrants has rarely, if ever, left these shores." ⁷⁰

The Manchester took a northerly route. Icebergs were sighted, and the presidency of the group reported that "the nipping cold caused some to wonder what the folks in old England would say to a June day so cold." ⁷¹ Fighting headwinds and a rough sea most of the way, the emigrants had much sickness, but no deaths, a rather unusual occurrence, particularly in view of the fact that several had been seriously ill when they boarded ship. There were two marriages and one birth on board. Mormon meetings were held on Sundays and Thursdays for the five weeks at sea, with all but one of these meetings held between decks because of rough weather. ⁷²

Arriving at Castle Garden in New York Harbor 13 June 1862, the immigrants were processed by immigration officials and proceeded by rail to Florence, Nebraska. Here they joined a church-sponsored emigration company of 500 captained by Ansel Harmon, with most of the wagons and ox teams being provided by the Church. Among the teamsters of the wagons was young Duane Hamblin, son of the legendary Mormon Indian missionary Jacob Hamblin. He and Elizabeth Russell became well acquainted, and family tradition indicates that he let her ride his horse much of the way. Several children died of measles in the first weeks of the journey, and two children were killed when wagons tipped over. ⁷³

The party arrived in Salt Lake City the evening of Sunday, October 5, 1862. This was the time of the regular general conference of the Church, and quite possibly the Russell's were present in a large bowery the next day to hear Brigham Young speak of the intense desire which led people like them to immigrate to Zion:

Every true believer of this Gospel is anxious to gather to the home of the Saints. I think I am safe in saying, that if there was a highway cast up from England to the shores of the continent of America, there are men who would be willing to measure the ground with their bodies to reach this place. Even this does not tell their anxiety be here; it must be seen in the spirit, to know it as it really is. ⁷⁴

That evening Edward Hunter, presiding bishop of the Church, conducted a meeting of local church authorities from throughout Utah aimed largely at making arrangements for homes and employment for those like the Russell's who had recently arrived in the territory after crossing the plains. ⁷⁵

Most of the Russell family moved to Union, later called Riverdale, a settlement along the Weber River near the town of Ogden, where they obtained a farm. There they had a magnificent view of Ben Lomond, named after the mountain they could see on clear days from their old home in Scotland. If they were ever homesick for Scotland, they at least had several families of
Scottish neighbors in Riverdale.

At Riverdale John Russell became known as a peacemaker among his neighbors. He enjoyed teaching and counseling the young people of the local Latter-day Saint congregation. While he was neither well-to-do nor prominent, he found many friends. The Riverdale chapel was unable to contain these friends at his funeral in July 1885. His wife Ellen, whose name had apparently been changed from Helen to Ellen in a natural switch of pronunciation, died four years later at Ogden. ⁷⁶

Elizabeth Russell married twenty-one-year-old Duane Hamblin 9 October 1862, four days after the family arrived in the Salt Lake Valley, and she immediately moved with him to Santa Clara, Utah, about 350 miles to the south. Their happiness was brief, for in December of that year Duane was buried and killed when a riverbank caved in. Elizabeth then rejoined her parents at Riverdale, where her daughter was born seven months to the day after the death of the father. Despite the fact that she was a girl, she was given her father's name, Duane Hamblin, to perpetuate his memory. ⁷⁷

Elizabeth had been living with her parents for two years when William Morris, whose life had recently been upset by tragedy similar to hers, visited her home requesting that she come to Marriott to care for his motherless children. ⁷⁸

Morris, a Mormon immigrant from England, was born at Stoke, St. Milborough Parish, Shropshire, England, 27 February 1821. Little is known of his early life. He was baptized a Mormon in 1846, and he married Harriet Evans, who was born in Shropshire in January 1822. They emigrated to America by 1850 and lived for a time at Alton, Madison County, Illinois. There, two daughters were born to them, one of whom died at the age of two. By December 1854 the family moved west to Utah, and during the next few years they settled briefly at various locations north and west of Ogden, finally establishing themselves in the vicinity of Marriott. ⁷⁹

In February and March 1864 three sons and two daughters died of diphtheria, and three days before Christmas of that same year Harriet died of the same disease. William dug the six graves himself, buried his family, and then, of necessity, turned from his mourning toward the future. ⁸⁰

There were two surviving children to be cared for, and William sought help for the task. Although he was known as a shy, reserved man, he wasted very little time in making new arrangements for his family. From mutual acquaintances he had learned of the young widow Elizabeth Russell Hamblin of nearby Riverdale, and he approached her to ask if she would come to Marriott to care for the children. Despite her parents' objections to her leaving their home, she went with Morris. She and William Morris were married about a month later, in March 1865. ⁸¹ Morris built his family a four-room adobe house at Marriott at a time when most of the homes there were one-room log cabins. The neighbors curiosity was aroused by the house's size, and neighbors jokingly speculated. whether Morris planned to add another wife to his household. He never did so, but he and Elizabeth raised eight children of their own in addition to his two older surviving children. ⁸² While Morris shared few of his feelings with others, his daughter Ellen concluded after occasionally seeing him weep in solitude that he never fully recovered from the loss of his first wife and their children. Ellen characterized him as a gentle father, a good judge of' people's character, an outstanding farmer and a good provider in a time when most inhabitants of Marriott lived not far above the level of bare subsistence. ⁸³

William's mother, Elizabeth Morris, apparently immigrated to the United. States in the 1860s. She lived next door to William and Elizabeth until her death, New Year's Day, 1871. ⁸⁴

Morris grew sweet sorghum, which Utahns of the time called sugar cane, from which sorghum molasses was produced. Hogs and cattle were his other major agricultural efforts. Meanwhile, his wife and daughters had the responsibility for a variety of agricultural projects near their home. They picked and marketed fruit from their orchard and exchanged their butter, mutton, and even bees for clothing, groceries, doors and windows for their home, and lumber for a fence. Ellen, born in 1868, remembered her mother binding shocks of wheat while she laid her baby in the shade nearby. Ellen chopped firewood, fed the sheep and cattle, and discovered that when an old ram charged her could avoid being knocked down by lying on her stomach. ⁸⁵

The Morris family had more encounters with fatal illnesses. In 1882 fifteen-year-old Elizabeth, a daughter, contracted smallpox. A neighbor who had an earlier outbreak of smallpox, and thus was immune, took her away and cared for her until she died. Meanwhile, the family moved into a vacant house to escape the disease, sleeping on the floor. Twenty-two-year-old William, a son who was teaching school, died of typhoid fever in 1888. ⁸⁶

Ellen, now the eldest surviving daughter of William and Elizabeth, was a favorite of her father. Her mother bought attractive clothes for her, and the compliments she often received invariably made her blush. Elizabeth attended night school after her marriage to learn to read and write, and she stressed the importance of education to her children. Ellen was a serious student who excelled in spelling, reading, and penmanship, sometimes trudging over fence-deep snow to reach school a mile and a half away. ⁸⁷

Elizabeth Stewart Marriott's home was the social center for the young people of the community. Ellen was one of the youth who frequently attended dances in nearby villages and returned afterwards to the Marriott's for strawberries and cream. Her own mother also encouraged social activities for both young and old, and Ellen remembered fondly the excursions which began at
her home:

The boys and girls would all get together and go to the mountains in covered wagons. "Will" Marriott, who later became my husband, would always catch more fish than anyone else. He was a great fisherman. We would cook them, and we had all the fish we could eat while we were there. ⁸⁸

But Ellen was soon faced with several sobering family responsibilities. When she was eighteen years old her mother was crippled by the effects of rheumatism, and she remained bedridden for seven years. Father William broke his hip while shearing sheep. Both required Ellen's care. William died in 1892. It was not long before Ellen's stepsister, Duane, died leaving two small sons. On her deathbed Duane requested Ellen to be responsible for the care of the children. Since Ellen's younger sister had recently married, Ellen was left alone with her mother and the two children, and with no opportunity to earn a living. ⁸⁹

Ellen's mother died in 1895. Her younger brother, with whom she lived., married and found that the house was now too small for twenty-eight-year-old Ellen and the two children to remain. On a day when her future seemed particularly bleak to Ellen, Hyrum Marriott happened to visit her and asked her to marry him. They were married 1 December 1897. ⁹⁰

Leaving the older of Duane's boys with her brother, Ellen and Hyrum reared the younger themselves. They lived in Elizabeth Marriott's home fox a year, then bought their own home. In time Hyrum achieved financial success in farming and ranching. While he raised sheep, cattle, and sugar beets, he was most enthusiastic about the business of purchasing and marketing sheep and cattle. His wife's frugality complemented his open-handed generosity. Hyrum quietly gave financial aid to friends and neighbors, and Ellen and their children helped make their own household practically self-sufficient. Ellen and her eldest daughter, Doris, canned as much as eight hundred quarts of fresh fruit each year. The Marriott's made their own butter, smoked their own ham, and shod their own horses. The children learned to raise chickens; to hoe, thin and top sugar beets; and to sack potatoes. Ellen found them hearty eaters and habitually cooked eight loaves of bread each day for Hyrum, the eight children, and the hired hand. Hyrum was not the strict disciplinarian his own father had been, but his children still grew up on the gospel of hard work. ⁹¹

Hyrum was jovial and open, Ellen more serious and withdrawing. She was a devout Latter-day Saint, like her mother-in-law, Elizabeth Marriott. Hyrum, meanwhile, had taken a more detached view of religion and was only marginally involved in the Mormon Church. Her influence was evident as he became a popular teacher of a Sunday School class and later served seventeen years as a member of the bishopric of the ward (parish) at Marriott, 1908-1925. ⁹²

Hyrum, was politically active as a Republican and served one term in Utah's House of Representatives, 1913-14. A list of the standing committees of which he was a member may give some indication of the breadth of his interests:

Art
Banking
Contingent expenses*
Industrial school*
Livestock
Manufacturing and commerce
State Library
State Statistics ⁹³

*Marriott was chairman of these committees.

His sheep, his political activity, his business travel and his church position all made substantial demands upon Hyrum's time and he was often away from home. For the Marriott's, summer was a time for hard work and for travel to the sheep ranch; winter gave more opportunity for family recreation like bobsledding, skating, and ice hockey. In Hyrum's absence, his eldest son, Willard, had considerable opportunity to develop his executive ability by leading out in the day-to-day operation of the farm. ⁹⁴

With the exception of Doris, who was kept at home to help her mother with the many tasks of their large household, Hyrum and Ellen Marriott saw to it that their children had greater educational opportunities than they themselves had enjoyed. They attended nearby local schools and the Weber Stake Academy in Ogden, and all but one had some college training. With the parents' encouragement all four of their sons served as missionaries for the Latter-day Saint Church, two in the eastern United States and two in England. This voluntary service required considerable financial support from home, support which was willingly provided despite the strain it sometimes entailed for Hyrum and Ellen. ⁹⁵

In 1910 two of the young Marriott girls, Ellen and Eva, struck a match near a can of kerosene in their home and accidentally dropped it. The house burned to the ground. "It was tragic;" recalled their mother, "we had no place to go, and the only clothing we had were on our backs." ⁹⁶ But the people of Marriott donated clothing for the children, and a family of Japanese immigrants who were managing the Marriott farm graciously vacated their house and moved temporarily into the Marriott blacksmith shop so the large Marriott family would have a place to stay while they rebuilt their home. Soon after the house was completed, electricity came to Marriott for the first time, and then the family had electric lights throughout the house. "That was a real thrill for all of us," wrote Ellen Morris Marriott. And there was no longer any need for cans of kerosene to be kept in the house. ⁹⁷

The family suffered its most severe financial setback in the Great Depression, which began in 1929. Hyrum's losses were substantial, and he was forced to retire from the sheep business in 1929. Had it not been for a recent development in Washington, D.C., the family would have had difficult times indeed. In 1927 J. Willard Marriott and his new bride, Alice Sheets, had begun their first root beer stand in the capitol city. Despite the Great Depression, their drive-in business flourished, and they were able to help the Marriott family through the thin years of the 1930s. ⁹⁸

J. Willard's Hot Shoppes became a family endeavor, and in time five of his seven brothers and sisters, with their wives and husbands, moved to Washington, D.C. His parents, Hyrum and Ellen, also spent considerable time in Washington, where his business contacts learned to appreciate the elder Marriott's cheerfulness and youthful enthusiasm.

Hyrum Marriott died at Washington, D.C., 12 June 19 39, at the age of seventy-five. Close friends praised him for his devotion to his family and church, for his quick mind, for his vigor in everyday work and in supporting causes he thought were right. A neighbor pointed out that Marriott was "kind to people in need, tender to people who needed encouragement, sympathetic to people who were broken on the inside. ⁹⁹

Ellen Morris Marriott survived her husband for twenty-eight years. Her brief autobiography, dictated to her daughter Doris Marriott Wright in 1959, when she was ninety-one years old, reflects a keen mind and a spirit of optimism. Looking back, she saw hard work and sacrifices she and her husband had made to support their children in schooling and church service, and she expressed pride in the lives the children had led. She died at Ogden, Utah, 28 December l967,
at the age of ninety-nine.¹⁰⁰

Footnotes

1- Caroline Emma Marriott Hewitt, "History of John Marriott Pioneer 1817-1899," revised by Alice Marriott Hewitt Spencer and Elaine Bolander, p.1, copy in possession of the present author. Marriott Ward Record of Members, early-1912, microfilm copy, Church Library, Historical Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, hereafter cited as Church Library. Nauvoo Temple Endowrnent Register, p. 293, Genealogical Department Library, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City; Utah, cited hereafter as Genealogical Department Library. Samuel Lewis, A Topographical Dictionary of England, 4 vols. (London: S. Lewis and Co. 1845), 1:187.

2- Lewis, Topographical Dictionary, 1:185. Andrew Jensen, comp., Bedford Branch Manuscript History, ms., Church Archives, Historical Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah, hereafter cited as Church Archives. George J. Adams to Parley P. Pratt, 22 June 1841, in The Latter-day Saints Millennial Star 2 (July 1841):33.

3- Joseph Fielding Diary, 30 March 1840-8 February 1841, Church Archives

4- Adams to Pratt, 22 June 1841, Millennial Star 2:33-37; Adams to Pratt, 5 October 1841, Ibid., 2:143-144. Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," p. 1

5- William Stewart Journal, quoted in Claude T. Barnes, The Grim Years; or, The Life of Emily Stewart Barnes (Salt Lake City, Utah: The Ralton Co., 191!:,9), p. 8.

6- Marriott Ward Record of Members, early-1912, Church Archives. Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," p. 1.

7- "Emigration," Millennial Star 2 (February 1842):154.

8- United States Immigration and Naturalization Service, Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, 1820-1903, microfilm copy, Genealogical Department Library. Myron W. McIntyre and Noel R. Barton, eds., Christopher Layton (Salt Lake City: Christopher Layton Family Organization, ca. 1966), p. 9.

9- Eliza R. Snow Smith, Biography and Family Record of Lorenzo Snow (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1884), pp. 65-66. "Church Emigration," The Contributor 12 (October 1891): 446-448.

10- McIntyre and Barton, eds., Christopher Layton, pp. 9, 11. Nauvoo Land Trustees Ledger, entries for 17 April and 19 April 1843, copy in possession of Nauvoo Restoration, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah. Joseph Smith's bond for deed, 17 April 1843, copy in possession of Nauvoo Restoration, Inc.

11- McIntyre and Barton, eds., Christopher Layton, pp. 11, 13.

12- Thid.

13- Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," p. 3. McIntyre and Barton, eds, Christopher Layton, pp. 20-21. William Blood Journal, 1837-1887, holograph, Church Archives. Silas Richards autobiography, 1807-18841 microfilm of holograph, Church Archives. Sarah S. Leavitt, History of Sarah Sturdevant Leavitt (n.p. ca. 1969), pp. 24-26.

14- Nauvoo Temple Endowment Register, p. 268.

15- John Marriott biographical data provided for Andrew Jensen's Latter-day Saints Biographical
Encyclopedia, unpublished, Church Archives. Marriott Ward Record of Members, early-1912. Petition to the Postmaster General of the United States for a post office at or near the Log Tabernacle (at what later became Kanesville, Iowa) This document was signed in January 1848 by male residents of the vicinity and includes the names of John Marriott and his two sons, Lorenzo and John, Jr. Copy in possession of Nauvoo Restoration, Inc. Hewitt,"History of John Marriott," pp.3,4. Silas Richards to Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball and Willard Richards, 10 October 1848, Brigham Young Collection, Church Archives.

16- Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," p. 3. Andrew Jensen, comp., Iowa Manuscript History, ms., Church Archives.

17- Barnes, The Grim Years, pp. 22-28, 31.

18- Ibid., p. 25.

19- 1bid., pp. 27, 28, 31.

20- 1bid., pp. 18, 27, 42.

21- "Autobiography of Elizabeth Stewart Marriott," typescript in possession of author. This brief autobiography was written or dictated by Elizabeth Stewart Marriott at the age of 83. A synopsis of the autobiography is found in James Jakeman, Daughters of the Utah Pioneers and Their Mothers (n.p., Western Album Publishing Co., 1916). Marriott Ward Record of Members, early-1912.

22- "Autobiography of Elizabeth Stewart Marriott."

23- Ibid.

24- Ibid. Andrew Jensen, comp., Church Emigration 1849-1857, ms., Church Archives.

25- "Autobiography of Elizabeth Stewart Marriott."

26- William Stewart Journal, quoted in Barnes, The Grim Years, p. 12.,

27- Jensen, Church Emigration 1849-1857. Millennial Star 13:9

28- Annie C. Kimball, "It Was a Mess," Treasures of Pioneer History 1 (1952): 396.

29- Jensen, Church Emigration 1849-1857. Millennial Star 13:9.

30- William Stewart Journal, quoted in Barnes, The Grim Years, p. 1-5.

31- "Autobiography of Elizabeth Stewart Marriott."

32- Ibid. Moses Clawson to Brigham Young, 7 August 1853, Brigham Young Collection, Church Archives.

33- "Autobiography of Elizabeth Stewart Marriott."

34- Ibid.

35- Ibid.

36- Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," p. 5. Autobiography of Elizabeth Stewart Marriott.

36a- Jensen, Marriott Ward

37- Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," pp. 5-6. Andrew Jensen, comp., Marriott Ward., ms.,
Church Archives. Anonymous, "Marriott, Weber County, Utah," typescript in possession of the present author.

38- Nauvoo Sealings and Adoptions, Book A, 1846-1857, p. 25, microfilm copy, Genealogical Department Library. This book contains records of early Utah marriages, as well as Nauvoo marriages. Teresa is the spelling given for Marriott's new wife's name, and this may be her given name; but the variant spelling Trezer, which probably reflected the way the family pronounced her name, was used more frequently. Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," p. 6. obituary of Trezer Marriott, Salt Lake City Deseret News, 7 December 1920.

39- Jensen, Marriott Ward. Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," p. 7.

40- Jensen, Marriott Ward. Endowment House Sealings, Book C, 1856-1861, copy,
Genealogical Department Library. Margaret Burton was a sister of Robert Walton Burton, who had married John Marriott's sister Elizabeth.

41- Jensen, Marriott Ward. Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," pp.6-7

42- Jensen, Marriott Ward.

43- Autobiography of Elizabeth Marriott Stewart. U.S. Census, Weber County, Utah, 1860 and 1880. Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," pp. 6,7,9. Telephone interview with Eva Marriott Candland, 22 April 1976. Anonymous, "John Marriott," typescript in possession typescript in Possession of the present author.

44- Ida Marriott Kyle, "Biography of John Marriott," typescript in possession of the present author.

44a- Ibid.

45- Ibid.

46- Hewitt, "History of John Marriott," p.1

47- Ibid., p. 8.

48- Ibid., pp. 8-9.

49- Ibid., p. 9. John Marriott obituary, Ogden, Utah Semi-Weekly Standard. 13 June 1899.

50 - Jensen, Marriott Ward. "Autobiography of Elizabeth Stewart Marriott." "Autobiography of Ellen Morris Marriott," typescript in possession of the present author.

51- Marriott Ward Relief Society Minutes, Church Archives.

52- Ibid., 7 January 1909.

53- Ibid., 20 September 1906.

54- Ibid., 7 January 1909.

55- Elizabeth Marriott biographical sketch in Jakeman, Daughters of the Utah Pioneers.

56- Hyrum W. Marriott obituary, Deseret News, 13 June 1939. Candland interview.

57- Tulliallan Parish, Perth County, Scotland, Parochial Register 16731819, microfilm copy, Genealogical Department Library.

58- Clackmannan Parish, Clackmannan County, Scotland, Parochial Registers,1799-1819, 1820-1854, microfilm copy, Genealogical Department Library.

59- John Marius Wilson, ed., The Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland; or Dictionary of Scottish Topography, 2 vols. (London and Edinburgh: A. Fullerton and Co., n.d. /ca. 1862/) 1:270-272.

60- Clackmannan Parochial Registers, 1820-1854.

61- William Gibson Journal, 1841-1854, Church Archives. Edinburgh Conference British
Mission, Record of Members, 1840-1854, microfilm copy, Church Library

62- Gibson Journal.

63- Andrew Jensen, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, 4 vols. (1901; reprinted. Salt
Lake City: Western Epics, 1971), 4:677-8.

64- Gibson Journal.

65- Gibson Condie Autobiography, microfilm of holograph, Genealogical Department Library.
Condie was born at Clackmannan in 1835.

66- Ibid.

67- Edinburgh Conference, British Mission, Historical Record, 1847-1861, microfilm copy, Church Archives. Ellen Morris Marriott, "Biography of Elizabeth Russell Hamblin Morris," typescript in possession of the present author.

68- Edinburgh Conference Historical Record.

69- Edinburgh Conference Historical Record. Brigham Young to Liverpool Office, British
Mission, n.d.. (apparently 7 or 9 January 1862), Brigham Young Letter book, November 1861-April 1864, Church Archives.

70- Liverpool Office, British Mission, Emigration Record, 1861-1863, microfilm copy, Church Archives, p. 169. "Departure," Millennial Star 24:315.

71- John D.T. McAllister, Samuel L. Adams and Mark Barnes to George Q. Cannon, 12 June 1862, Millennial Star 24:444.

72- Ibid.

73- Ibid. Deseret News, 24 September and 8 October 1862. Marriott, "Biography of Elizabeth Russell Hamblin Morris."

74- Discourse by Brigham Young, 6 October 1862, Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (London: Latter-day Saints Book Depot, 1854-1886; reprint ed., 1967), 10:18.

75- Deseret News, 8 October 1862.

76- John Russell obituary, Ogden Herald, 30 July 1885,. Ellen Russell obituary, Ogden
Standard, 23 October 1889.

77- Endowment Book Sealings, Book D, p. 113, microfilm copy, Genealogical Department Library. Pearson H. Corbett, Jacob Hamblin the Peacemaker (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1952), pp. 212, 449.

78- Footnote eliminated.

79- Stoke, St. Milborough, Shropshire, Bishop's Transcripts, Hereford, England. Endowment House Sealings, Book F, 1869-1870, p. 76, microfilm copy, Genealogical Department Library. U.S. Census, 1850, Alton, Madison County, Illinois, microfilm copy, Genealogical Department Library. According to the census return, both William and Harriet Morris were illiterate in 1850. Ellen Morris Marriott, "Biography of William Morris," typescript in possession of the present author.

80- Marriott, "Biography of William Morris."

81- Ibid, Marriott, "Biography of Elizabeth Russell Hamblin Morris, In the latter source Mrs. Marriott confuses the date of Elizabeth's marriage to Hamblin with that of her marriage to Morris

82- "Autobiography of Ellen Morris Marriott," typescript in possession of the present author.

83- Marriott, "Biography of William Morris."

84- Mrs. Morris obituary, The Ogden Junction, 4 January 1871. U.S. Census, Halverson's District [Marriott], Heber County, Utah, 1870.

85- Marriott, "Biography of William Morris." Marriott, "Biography of Elizabeth Russell Hamblin Morris." "Autobiography of Ellen Morris Marriott."

86- "Autobiography of Ellen Morris Marriott."

87- Ibid.

88- Ibid.

89- Ibid.

90- Ibid.

91- Ibid. Candland Interview.

92- Marriott Ward Historical Records, 1877-1927, Church Archives. Transcript of Hyrum
Marriott's funeral, typescript in possession of the author. Marriott Ward, Record of Ordinations to the Priesthood, 1908, microfilm copy, Church Library.

93- Utah, House of Representatives, House Journal, Tenth Session of the Legislature of the State of Utah (Salt Lake City, 1913).

94- "Autobiography of Ellen Morris Marriott." Candland interview.

95- "Autobiography of Ellen Morris Marriott." Candland interview.

96- "Autobiography of Ellen Morris Marriott."

97- Ibid.

98- Ibid. Hyrum W. Marriott obituary, Deseret News, 13 June 1939.

99- Transcript of Hyrum W. Marriott's funeral.

100- "Autobiography of Ellen Morris Marriott." Ellen Morris Marriott obituary, Deseret News, 30 December 1976.